Constitutive Modeling of Physical Properties of Coastal Sand during Tunneling Construction Disturbance

This paper presents a simple but workable constitutive model for the stress–strain relationship of sandy soil during process tunneling construction disturbance in coastal cities. The was developed by linking parameter K and internal angle φ Duncan–Chang with disturbed degree sand, which effects initial void ratio on strength deformation property sands are considered using unified function based state concept theory. Three cases were analyzed to investigate validity proposed considering disturbance. After validation, further incorporated into 3D finite element framework predict caused shield construction. It found that simulated results agreed well analytical solution, indicating numerical is capable characterizing mechanical properties sand under